Flame retardants during pregnancy as bad as lead? Exposure linked to lower IQs in kids
May 28, 2014
Science Daily/Simon Fraser University
A new study involving Simon Fraser University researchers has found that prenatal exposure to flame retardants can be significantly linked to lower IQs and greater hyperactivity in five-year old children
Prenatal exposure to flame retardants can be significantly linked to lower IQs and greater hyperactivity in five-year old children. The researchers found that a 10-fold increase in PBDE concentrations in early pregnancy, when the fetal brain is developing, was associated with a 4.5 IQ decrement, which is comparable with the impact of environmental lead exposure. PBDEs have been widely used as flame retardants in furniture, carpet padding, car seats and other consumer products over the past three decades.
PBDEs have been widely used as flame retardants in furniture, carpet padding, car seats and other consumer products over the past three decades. While most items containing PBDEs were removed voluntarily from the market a decade ago, some are still in commerce and others persist in the environment and human bodies. Nearly all homes and offices still contain some PBDEs.
"The results from this and other observational human studies support efforts to reduce Penta-BDE exposures, especially for pregnant women and young children," says Lanphear. "Unfortunately, brominated flame retardants are persistent and North Americans are likely exposed to higher PBDE levels than people from other parts of the world. Because of this it is likely to take decades for the PBDE levels in our population to be reduced to current European or Asian levels."
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140528105258.htm
Children with ADHD and their mothers may live less than average population
A study conducted by Brazilian researchers shows that hyperactivity can produce chromosome changes that affect health
September 28, 2015
Science Daily/D'Or Institute for Research and Education
Brazilian scientists found that ADHD children and their mothers are more likely to have shorter telomeres, a hallmark of cellular aging, which is associated with increased risk for chronic diseases and conditions like diabetes, obesity and cancer.
Psychiatric disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) impact family's emotions and social life. It is well known. What is new is that this condition also affects the DNA of patients and their parents. Brazilian scientists from the D'Or Institute of Research and Education (IDOR) and the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) found that ADHD kids and their mothers are more likely to have shorter telomeres, a hallmark of cellular aging, which is associated with increased risk for chronic diseases and conditions like diabetes, obesity and cancer.
Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and act as protection against the loss of protein-coding DNA during cell division. While telomere shortening happens naturally with aging, researches indicate the process is accelerated by psychological and biological stress. The shorter the telomeres are, shorter is the biological "life expectancy" of one.
The study, published in Frontiers of Molecular Neuroscience, assessed the length of telomeres from 61 ADHD children (age 6 to 16) and their parents. Even among the children, who are beginning their lives, researchers found shorter telomeres than those that would be expected for their ages. Although mother's telomeres were also shorter, they did not find any alteration in the father's telomere length.
The researchers believe the phenomenon is due to the stress that ADHD symptoms generate for the children and their mothers. Mothers are in most cases the main caretaker of the offspring, showing higher levels of depressive disorders and stress in parenting their children than fathers. ADHD symptoms usually appear during childhood and vary from inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity -- a combination that can produce negative effects on children's and its relative's lives.
"When people think about behavioral issues with children, they think about the psychological component and how that impacts school performance and interaction with society," points out one of the study's authors, neuropsychiatry Paulo Mattos from IDOR. "These kind of impact are real, but what we are showing for the first time now is that TDAH can impact at the cellular level, at the DNA."
Telomere length is highly heritable. Fathers and mothers with shorter telomeres transmit this characteristic to their children. It means that ADHA children, who already have shorten telomeres, will generate an offspring with shorter telomeres at birth.
The researchers also noticed that hyperactivity symptoms are more related to the telomere length than inattention symptoms. They observed that higher levels of hyperactivity in children were associated with shorter relative telomere in ADHD children and in their mothers.
"This makes sense if you think that hyperactivity is the symptom that affects more negatively the family and causes more stress," say Mattos. "It is usually the reason why parents search for medical care in the first place."
The findings underscore the importance of intervening early to address behavior issues in children to prevent psychosocial stress and shortening of telomeres.
"Decrease the hyperactivity and impulsivity levels in children is fundamental to them and their mothers and this can be achieved by several behavioral techniques applied as soon as possible," affirms another author of the study, geneticist and pediatrician Débora Miranda from UFMG.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150928082158.htm